FORI results Mali & Burkina Faso
FO-RI | Project results | Mali and Burkina Faso
Farmers leading the research on agroecological vegetable production
Producers set the research questions, ran the trials on their own plots and validated the results. In ten villages in Mali and three provinces in Burkina Faso, farmers' organisations worked with national research institutes to turn practices they already used into tested technical references, for farmers' vegetable seed in Mali and for the onion value chain in Burkina Faso.
Mali | Photo: CNOP and Afdi
Why this project
Market gardening under pressure, in two countries
Market gardening is strategic for rural and urban economies in both Mali and Burkina Faso. Practised mainly in the dry season, from November to May, it is a core income source for households, especially peri-urban ones, and it has been pushed further by rapid urbanisation in Bamako and Ouagadougou. The main crops, onion, tomato, cabbage and potato, carry high added value.
The sector faces climate change and water management problems, rising fertiliser prices and chemical overdosing, and poor access to quality local seed.
Mali
Seed that travels too far
A large share of the vegetable seed used in Mali comes from long supply chains, often from Europe or the Americas. That means high costs and poor adaptation to local pedoclimatic conditions, to peasant agroecological practices and to what consumers expect. Producing seed locally is technically demanding and risky, and requires specific skills to guarantee sanitary and genetic quality.
Some Malian producers had already begun experimenting on their own, which revealed both real potential for local seed autonomy and clear needs: technical training, peer exchange, and access to good-quality base seed.
Burkina Faso
An onion advantage that is hard to capture
Bulb onion is the country's most important vegetable crop: more than 40% of market-gardening area, 360,000 tonnes of bulbs and around FCFA 123 billion of turnover in 2019, which is 45% of the total sales value of the main vegetable crops. Export earnings run between FCFA 150 and 245 million a year. Burkina Faso and Niger are the only West African countries producing more onion than they consume.
Capturing that advantage means storing production beyond six months to benefit from price rises. Several constraints get in the way: production practices that are poorly mastered, causing high post-harvest losses; too little production and use of organic fertilisers and biopesticides; a slow transition from chemical to organic fertiliser; storage infrastructure that producers cannot access, forcing sales right after harvest at low prices; and weak organisation of actors, which creates governance, functioning and price-setting problems.
The two projects
One method, two value chains
Both projects sit in Component 4 of FO-RI and share the same action-research method. What differs is the crop, the question and the organisations leading the work.
Farmers' vegetable seed
Improving the production of farmers' vegetable seeds through research and innovation in agroecological practices in Mali. The objective is to promote farmer-led production of vegetable seeds adapted to peasant agroecology practices, in order to strengthen local value chains.
Dates: 1 January 2022 to 31 March 2026. AIN no. 8790.
Zone: Koulikoro region, Kati circle, communes of Kati, Baguineda and Samanko.
Lead: CNOP, Coordination Nationale des Organisations Paysannes du Mali.
Co-executor: UNCPM, Union Nationale des Coopératives des Planteurs et Maraîchers du Mali.
Research partner: IER, Institut d'Économie Rurale.
The onion value chain
Agroecological innovations based on endogenous knowledge for the development of the onion value chain in Burkina Faso. The objective is to improve the incomes of onion value chain actors through the adoption of agroecological practices and better market access for farmers' organisations.
Zone: three provinces, Sanmatenga, Yatenga and Oubritenga, with sites at Ziniaré and Guilougou, Kaya and Koulougou, Ouahigouya and Bogya.
Farmers' organisations: CPF, Confédération Paysanne du Faso, for coordination and monitoring, and UNAPOB, Union Nationale des Producteurs d'Oignons du Burkina, for operational implementation and advisory support.
Research partners: INERA and IRSAT.
The approach
Research for, by and with the people concerned
Action-research closely associates field actors and research actors to produce knowledge that is directly useful for action. It puts producers and their organisations at the heart of the process: they formulate their own research questions, valorise endogenous knowledge, build partnerships with research and advisory actors, and mobilise the technical resources they need.
Participatory diagnosis
In Burkina Faso, endogenous agroecological practices in production and storage were characterised, alongside an analysis of existing economic mechanisms such as warrantage and group sales. Surveys covered six market-gardening sites and 226 actors: producers, traders and technical services.
In Mali, the diagnosis identified endogenous practices and technical itineraries for seed production, together with their constraints and potential. Participant selection applied age and sex criteria from the outset.
On-farm experimentation
Trials ran on producers' own plots, against control treatments, following protocols built with the research institutes. Collective plots served a double role: research space and full-scale teaching support.
Training was tied directly to the experiments, covering vegetable seed production, soil fertility management and biological crop protection.
Diffusion between peers
Commented plot visits let producers, researchers, technicians and organisation leaders observe crop vigour, produce quality, bulb size and crop behaviour against pests and diseases, and compare views.
Inter-site exchanges circulated knowledge across zones. Endogenous facilitators trained in Burkina Faso then relayed the practices in their own villages, a cascade system.
Previous AgriCord and Afdi capitalisations underline that the added value lies precisely in participatory governance. Producers are not simply beneficiaries. They help identify priority problems, co-build research protocols, run the experiments and analyse the results. That direct involvement strengthens the relevance of the innovations, favours durable ownership, and consolidates the influence of farmers' organisations in local and national agroecological transition dynamics.
The experimental set-up
What was tested, and where
- 10 villages hosting a collective experimental plot each, serving as demonstration, learning and technical exchange space: Dougourakoro, Kognini, Kokoun, Mofa, Sadjouroubougou, Tanima, Tiema, Mamaribougou, Sébédiana and Samanko
- 100 producers mobilised, with technical follow-up, advice and inputs
- 119 individual plots across four communes, monitored to assess progressive ownership of the technical itineraries
- 5 experimental protocols, one per crop or research axis, each run on two distinct sites to test robustness. Plot sizes from 217.5 m² to 759 m²
- Crops and varieties: onion Violet de Galmi, tomato Petomech and Caraïbo, okra Sassilon, chilli (local variety), African eggplant N'Galam Plus
- A network of 100 focal point producers was trained and made responsible for plot-level data collection, deliberately designed so producers stay autonomous after the project ends
- Research run across both agricultural seasons, dry and wet, to test robustness under contrasting conditions
- 3 sites in three provinces and three regions
- 4 research axes: phytosanitary practices, including biological control and alternatives to chemical inputs; soil fertilisation with organic manure; cultivation practices and technical itineraries; onion storage
- 3 onion varieties tested: Violet de Galmi, Prema 178 and Super Yali
- 1,420 producers mobilised
- Targets in the intervention logic: at least 300 producers experimenting or adopting, 70% of them women; 210 women and 90 young people in organisation decision-making on local experiments; 1,300 producers with strengthened marketing capacities; 27 experiments
In Burkina Faso a performance measurement system was developed with CIRAD and INERA. Indicators were built participatively by producers, organisations and researchers across four dimensions, agronomic, economic, environmental and social, guided by two questions: how will we know if we are achieving our objectives by adopting agroecological practices, and how can we measure the performance of agroecology? KoboToolbox handles field collection, and a purpose-built online platform centralises data, automates indicator calculation and generates charts and summary tables. Results are validated by farmers, organisations and researchers in a workshop.
The innovations
What actually works
These practices should not be read in isolation. They are components of integrated agroecological technical itineraries, and combined they act at the same time on soil fertility, crop protection and the overall health of production systems.
Mali
Bokashi compost 15 to 20 t/ha
An organic fertiliser made by controlled fermentation of local organic matter enriched with micro-organisms. Unlike classic compost it uses anaerobic fermentation, producing a rich fertiliser in a few weeks.
Recipe
Around 60% cereal bran, 30% decomposed manure, around 10% ash and fine soil. Add a fermented solution of water and sugar or molasses, 1 to 2 litres per tonne, and yeast, 1 litre per tonne. Moisture test: a pressed handful should form a compact ball without dripping.
Process
Mix homogeneously, moisten, heap and cover to limit air exposure. Ferment for 10 to 21 days depending on type: raw around 10 days, semi-raw around 15, mature 18 to 21. Turn every 3 to 5 days. Success shows as a dark brown colour, friable texture and slightly sweet smell, with no putrid fermentation.
Application
Before sowing or transplanting, 10 to 20 t/ha, roughly 1 to 2 kg/m², lightly incorporated into the soil.
Results
On onion, 20 t/ha favours vegetative vigour while 15 t/ha gives the best bulb yields. On chilli, 20 t/ha clearly improves growth parameters: height, diameter and foliage. Maximum fruit yields remain associated with NPK 15-15-15 at 300 kg/ha, but the results at 20 t/ha of Bokashi are very close.
Apichi biopesticide 4 l/ha on okra
Made from local plant extracts with insecticidal properties, used against whiteflies, mites, thrips and weevils.
Recipe for 20 litres of concentrate
1 kg chilli, 1 kg ginger, 500 g garlic, 0.5 l alcohol, 0.5 l water.
Process
Finely grind the chilli, ginger and garlic. Add alcohol and water. Macerate for 72 hours, add 15 litres of water, ferment for 15 days, then filter.
Application
Spray directly on crops, covering the whole foliage including the underside, preventively or at the first sign of pests, roughly weekly and adjusted to pest pressure. Spray morning or evening, when insects are most active and when strong sun will not burn the plants. It works on contact.
Results
On okra, Apichi was the most effective solution combining phytosanitary protection and yield increase, with 4 l/ha giving the most marked effect. On African eggplant it reduced Helicoverpa armigera attacks and improved yields, although it was not possible to identify conclusively the best dose between 4 and 6 l/ha. Effectiveness depends on regular application and correct dosing, which requires a minimum of training and crop observation.
Wood ash against bacterial wilt 600 kg/ha
A long-standing farmer practice re-evaluated by the project. It was tested as an alternative to chemicals against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) on seed-bearing tomato, a crop that is particularly susceptible and where the disease causes rapid plant desiccation and heavy losses of both fruit and seed.
Use
The ash must come from untreated wood, be well dried and finely sieved. Apply directly to the soil at the base of plants, around 50 to 100 g per plant, or lightly incorporate it before planting. It can also be dusted on plants early in the morning, when humidity helps it stick.
Results
Compared with K-Optimal, ash reduces the incidence of bacterial wilt and improves yields at the highest doses, 600 kg/ha.
Caution
Watch the quantities, to avoid soil imbalance through an excessive pH rise or a potassium excess. Regular crop observation, of vigour, colouring, leaf burn, disease symptoms and growth, allows doses and frequency to be adjusted.
Seed conservation 45% to 100% germination
The experiments scientifically validated certain endogenous practices. Neem leaf powder is the most consistent treatment for maintaining germination capacity, followed by wood ash. For storage, glass bottles proved particularly effective at limiting seed degradation, thanks to their airtight capacity.
Results
Germination rates observed across techniques and sites ranged from 45% to 100%, with some data still being consolidated. Tests use standardised protocols: 100-seed samples, with emergence observed at 14 days.
Burkina Faso
Neem oil 27 to 32 t/ha
Effective as a preventive repellent against pest attacks. Treatment interval of 2 to 3 weeks, at 50 ml of neem oil in 16 litres of water. Spray early morning or evening, and avoid wind, rain and dew.
Results
Trials show that application at 5 l/ha gives high yields, between 27 and 32 t/ha.
Organo-mineral fertilisation up to 32 t/ha
Enriched organic fertiliser combined with mineral NPK 15-15-15.
Method
Manure spread and buried at 20 t/ha, one to two weeks before ploughing or on the day beds are made. NPK applied broadcast at 200 kg/ha in two splits: 100 kg between days 14 and 21 after transplanting, and 100 kg between days 45 and 60, applied on weeding day before irrigation. Weed, spread, irrigate.
Results
Compared against Fertiplus, bactericidal compost and enriched organic fertiliser from cow and goat dung, this combination of organic manure with a moderate mineral input achieved the highest onion yields, up to 32 t/ha.
Mulching 32 to 50 t/ha
Covering the soil, especially the base of plants, with cereal stalk pieces, wild straw, dead leaves, wood shavings or sawdust, groundnut shells and similar materials. It limits evaporation, reduces weed emergence, maintains favourable humidity and improves soil fertility.
Method
Straw laid between days 14 and 21 after transplanting, carefully, so as not to hamper the young plants.
Results
Mulching proved the best cultivation practice tested, giving the highest onion yields, between 32 and 50 t/ha.
Storing onions with their leaves 5 to 7 months
Agroecologically produced onion stores well for five to seven months with low rot and material-loss rates. Storing bulbs with their dried leaves outperformed cutting the leaves off.
Method
- Harvest at full maturity, when almost all leaves have dried.
- Leave harvested bulbs in the shade for two to three days before placing them on shelves in a well-ventilated store.
- Sort out damaged bulbs.
- Sort by size.
- Sort regularly during storage, to remove sprouting or rotting bulbs.
Mali | 2025 indicator results
The year in numbers
Figures from the 2025 annual narrative report. Capacity and adoption data were collected through individual interviews during field missions by the project monitoring and evaluation officer.
Seed producers trained in 2025 were 52% women and 33% young people. The Steering and Monitoring Committee is 15% women, including the UNCPM president. Inclusion was built into the territorial diagnostic from the start, with age and sex criteria applied to participant selection.
"I started producing onion seed four years ago. The activity demands perseverance, strict respect for production techniques and rigorous monitoring. It has allowed me to considerably increase my income. Thanks to it I have been able to contribute financially to family expenses, school fees for the children, healthcare. I was able to buy, with my own funds, land for seed production." Alima Ganaba, 41, producer of Violet de Galmi onion, Tiema, UNCPM member
What changed
Transformations observed
The headline is a shift in status. Empirical practices became validated technical references, and producers moved from executants to recognised innovation actors, able to influence their practices, their organisations and territorial dynamics.
Technical
Improved technical itineraries for onion and the main vegetable crops. Local bio-fertilisers such as Bokashi and organic manure reduced dependence on imported chemical inputs, and biological protection solutions, Apichi, neem oil and ash, were validated against certain pests and diseases.
Cultivation practices such as mulching and weeding were strengthened, alongside conservation of farmers' seeds and onion bulbs. The outcomes are tangible: improved yields, better crop vigour, reduced losses, better seed and produce quality. The inputs are low cost, locally available and easy to apply.
Economic and social
Production costs fell through local agroecological inputs, while yields and produce quality improved, supporting better market valorisation. Local value chains developed and became more structured, opening new income opportunities.
Producer skills were strengthened through training, and producer expertise was better recognised through direct involvement in the experiments. Farmer relays emerged as key figures in dissemination, and women and young people were better included in productive and organisational dynamics.
Organisational
In Mali, a seed producer network was progressively structured, culminating in the creation of the Union Shi Kolokolo Ton, which brings together the project's 100 experimenter-producers. It strengthens coordination, pools experience and consolidates professional recognition of farmer seed production. Seed quality assessment tools strengthened producers' technical credibility.
In Burkina Faso, warrantage work strengthened collective dynamics, since it requires structured organisations able to manage stocks, negotiate with financial institutions and support producers in credit use. In one province the union relaunched warrantage in the 2024 to 2025 campaign, mobilising FCFA 4 million of credit from a microfinance institution to warrant 15 tonnes of onion.
Political and institutional
By producing scientifically validated field-based technical references, the projects strengthened farmers' organisations as legitimate producers of knowledge, and those organisations progressively confirmed their place in multi-actor dialogue spaces.
In Mali, CNOP is engaged in contributing to the evolution of national seed policy. That recognition is not yet translated into legislation. CNOP's work in recent years focused particularly on cereal seed; the action-research brought concrete evidence of farmers' capacity to produce quality vegetable seed and to organise, in value chains whose specificities are poorly taken into account in national seed policy.
Mali | Advocacy and policy
Making farmers' seed count in law
The vast majority of seeds used by Malian farming communities are farmers' seeds from peasant seed systems. Managed collectively, they secure the locally available seed stock at sowing time against the risk of shortage. The peasant seed system provides 80% of seed security for the main crops.
The problem
Farmers' seeds adapt to local terroirs, they matter for the resilience of agricultural systems and the climate response, they require no chemical inputs, and they are selected with peasant knowledge to serve a diversity of agricultural and food systems linked to communities' cultural identity.
Despite this, the peasant seed system is marginalised, without recognition of farmers' collective rights, and exposed to contamination and biopiracy risks. Public policy treats these systems as informal and excludes them from official state recognition and support. The current legal framework, modelled on industrialised countries' systems, emphasises commercial varieties including hybrids, approved on distinctness, uniformity and stability criteria, registered in the national catalogue, certified for sale, and often protected by plant breeders' rights that condition reuse on the rights-holder's agreement. Farmers' vegetable seeds in particular are not recognised in the national regulatory framework.
The opening
There is a legal opening. Mali can rely on ratified international instruments: the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas.
Mali's 2022 national seed policy already states that the peasant seed system ensures the diversity of agricultural and food systems linked to the cultural identities of communities and terroirs. A solid legal basis therefore exists to integrate peasant seed systems into Malian seed governance, founded on ratified international law and on national texts, the agricultural orientation law and the current seed law, that point towards a dualist seed system requiring a clear regulatory framework for the peasant component.
What CNOP is asking for
Four objectives
- Recognise farmers' vegetable seeds as agricultural and cultural heritage to preserve and valorise.
- Integrate their promotion into agricultural public policy.
- Strengthen producers' capacity to select, conserve and exchange their seeds.
- Enable coexistence between formal and peasant seed systems within an inclusive regulatory framework.
Four arguments
- Climate resilience.
- Agricultural biodiversity.
- Farmer autonomy, through reduced dependence on external inputs.
- Contribution to food and seed sovereignty, since peasant varieties are often more nutritious.
Five recommendations
- Legal recognition of farmers' vegetable seeds.
- Institutional support through national programmes for production, conservation and exchange.
- Participatory research partnerships between producers and research institutes for local variety improvement.
- Training and awareness-raising for farmers and decision-makers.
- An inclusive multi-actor dialogue framework bringing together producers, NGOs, public institutions and the private sector.
The priority recommendation: before any legislative revision, CNOP and its allies should strengthen advocacy for adoption of the revised National Seed Policy, whose draft already incorporates the dualist option, by reactivating the currently dormant SNP multi-actor framework and using it to table the study's proposals.
Using local scientific data supplied by partner researchers strengthens advocacy credibility. The champion approach, identifying an influential relay within public institutions, effectively eases access to decision-makers. Two adjustments were validated: prioritise advocacy with parliamentarians, through the Rural Development Committee, rather than focusing solely on ministries, and favour local community radio, which is less costly, for mass awareness-raising.
Challenges were named openly: slow mobilisation of some political decision-makers because of agenda constraints, logistical difficulty reaching targets, and insufficient funding for mass communication activities such as regular radio programmes.
15 partner entities in advocacy events
- IER
- IPR
- FAO
- DNA
- APCAM
- Réseau Wassa Mali
- COASP
- Tonus
- AOPP
- AMSD
- RECAPAC
- COFERSA
- Jardin HAMBE
- IRPAD
- National Agroecological Platform
How it spread
Horizontal, not top-down
Diffusion was progressive and durable rather than a transfer of technology from above. Commented plot visits let producers see effects for themselves and build confidence in validated innovations. Inter-site exchanges created a learning community beyond each experimental site. South-South exchanges between Mali and Burkina Faso cross-fertilised approaches to seed production and agroecology, while South-North exchanges in Europe fed reflection on value chain organisation, seed quality and produce valorisation.
Beyond the technical gains, these exchanges strengthened cooperation networks, producer confidence in their own capacity to innovate, and recognition of farmers' organisations as full actors in agricultural research and development.
"There is the monitoring with commented visits, which allow farmers to come and see for themselves the effects of the practices applied, so that they spread them among their colleagues."
CPF and UNAPOB, Burkina FasoMonitoring and data
Collection tools were harmonised: agronomic observation sheets and monitoring notebooks. In Mali the monitoring and evaluation officer developed simple, accessible paper forms and a database, and facilitated producer ownership. The 100-producer focal point network was made responsible for plot data, with the explicit aim of producer autonomy and durable use of the tools after the project.
"The researcher in charge of this work cannot be mobilised daily for data collection. The students are on the sites and take these readings regularly so that we have the elements for analysis later."
IRSAT, Burkina FasoLessons
What worked, and what was hard
Levers
- Farmers' organisations positioned as pilots of the process. Their territorial anchoring, mobilisation capacity and fine knowledge of production systems steered experiments towards concrete priority problems.
- The methodological choice to work on endogenous practices strengthened the relevance of the innovations.
- Research support brought rigorous experimentation and analysis methods, producing credible technical references and reinforcing legitimacy with both producers and institutions.
- Farmer relays proved strategically decisive in bridging experimentation and diffusion, thanks to their legitimacy within communities.
Difficulties
- Identifying and prioritising research themes among a multiplicity of constraints raised governance questions: which criteria, and who decides?
- Security constraints limited access to some sites, and resource availability, of water, seed, mulch and organic manure, was uneven across zones.
- Climate variability and increased pressure on natural resources sometimes affected experimental results and raised reproducibility questions.
- Researcher and producer collaboration required an adaptation period. Reconciling scientific requirements with field realities sometimes made protocol compliance difficult, and data collection difficulties, linked to lack of habit or availability, were a cross-cutting issue.
"The security situation forced us to take plots close to Bamako, which limited the possibilities of finding plots with satisfactory conditions."
CNOP and UNCPM, MaliMali continues to face a multidimensional crisis. Armed violence persists in the centre and north, driving displacement and limiting rural access, and in 2025 insecurity extended southwards into Koulikoro, the project zone, which had previously been relatively spared. Since mid-September 2025 a fuel blockade targeting imports from Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire caused severe shortages, slowing field activities and requiring budget re-evaluation.
Kati, Baguineda and Samanko remained relatively spared by armed conflict, so activities continued with reinforced vigilance. Precautionary arrangements were systematically applied for activities involving travel or wide geographic reach, notably the seed fair, and alternative solutions were identified collectively with CNOP and UNCPM, ensuring continuity without major change to strategic planning.
Two institutional signals ran the other way: subsidised prices for agricultural inputs in 2025 improved producer access to mineral and organic fertilisers, and work began on a national agroecology strategy, which reinforces the relevance of the FO-RI approach.
Mali | 2025 highlights
A year of exchange
Vegetable seed fair, Baguinéda
Around 300 participants over two days, from Kayes, Koulikoro, Sikasso, Ségou, Gao and Bamako district. Day one presented and sold FO-RI seeds, day two ran a reflection workshop and a visit to the experimental plots.
Exchange mission to France and Belgium
Two UNCPM members met seed producers, a seed sales platform, the seed and plant interprofession, vegetable experimentation and a seed supplier. Originally planned for 2024, the mission was delayed by visa refusals.
Exchange visit to Burkina Faso
CNOP and UNCPM visited UNAPOB: the onion seed value chain, experimental plots, sorting and packaging units, marketing sites and the Kaya infrastructure. Postponed from mid-2025 at CPF's suggestion so it would coincide with nursery establishment.
A reflection workshop brought together members of the SNP framework: National Assembly representatives, the Ministry of Agriculture and technical services, focal points for international conventions, farmers' organisations, universities, research institutions and support NGOs. It clarified the distinctions between farmers' seed and improved seed, traditional and farmers' seed, farmers' and local seed.
Twenty seed producers trained in Bamako, largely in Bambara: smartphone use, WhatsApp Business and social media marketing, Plantix crop diagnosis, e-learning and Kobo Toolbox data management. Satisfaction was rated 4.79 out of 5, with marked progress on disease identification and online selling.
Other milestones included a producer exchange visit across the Kati, Samanko and Baguinéda sites with 117 participants, training on varietal crossing techniques for 98 producers delivered by an IER researcher, three IER research support missions on seed monitoring, conservation and demonstration, radio broadcasts with Radio WANGO targeting women and young people, and a participatory collection workshop with 47 participants that produced a provisional catalogue of local seeds, varietal characterisation sheets integrating farmer knowledge, and an action plan for conservation and exchange.
Resources
Download the outputs
Acronyms 22 terms
- Afdi Agriculteurs Français et Développement International
- IER Institut d'Économie Rurale
- AOPP Association des Organisations Professionnelles Paysannes
- INERA Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso
- APCAM Assemblée Permanente des Chambres d'Agriculture du Mali
- IRPAD Institut de Recherche et de Promotion des Alternatives en Développement en Afrique
- CIFAN Centre International de Formation en Agroécologie Paysanne Nyéléni
- IRSAT Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies
- CNOP Coordination Nationale des Organisations Paysannes du Mali
- ITPGRFA International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
- COASP Comité Ouest Africain des Semences Paysannes
- NPK Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
- COFERSA Convergence des Femmes Rurales pour la Souveraineté Alimentaire
- PNS Politique Nationale Semencière, National Seed Policy
- COS Comité d'Orientation et de Suivi, Steering and Monitoring Committee
- PSS Peasant Seed System, Système Semencier Paysan
- CPF Confédération Paysanne du Faso
- SNP Semences, Normes et Paysans, multi-actor consultation framework
- DeSIRA Development Smart Innovation through Research in Agriculture
- UNAPOB Union Nationale des Producteurs d'Oignons du Burkina
- DNA Direction Nationale de l'Agriculture
- UNCPM Union Nationale des Coopératives des Planteurs et Maraîchers du Mali
This project is part of the FO-RI programme, Farmers Organizations Leading Research and Innovation, implemented by the AgriCord Alliance with the financial support of the European Union and the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, under the DeSIRA initiative.
